1. Use Strong Passwords
Don't use simple or common passwords that are easy to guess. Create long, complex passwords with a combination of upper and lower case letters, numbers, and symbols. Consider using a password manager to generate and store unique passwords.
2. Keep Software Up-to-Date
Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in outdated software. Keep operating systems, browsers, apps, and other software updated to the latest versions. Turn on automatic updates when possible. Updates often patch security flaws.
3. Use Two-Factor Authentication
Enable two-factor authentication on accounts when available. This adds an extra layer of protection beyond just a password. You'll need to provide two forms of identification, like a code from an app or text message.
4. Avoid Phishing Scams
Don't click links or attachments from unknown or suspicious emails, texts or websites. Phishing scams try to trick you into giving up login credentials or unknowingly installing malware.
5. Use a Firewall and Antivirus
Run up-to-date antivirus software and a firewall to detect and prevent malware..
6. Use a VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A VPN encrypts your internet traffic and masks your IP address. This makes it harder for hackers to spy on your activity or identify your location. When choosing a VPN, look for trusted providers that don't keep usage logs. Connect to VPN servers in safe jurisdictions that respect privacy laws. Use VPNs when accessing public Wi-Fi or any untrusted networks.
7. Avoid Public Wi-Fi Hotspots
Public Wi-Fi networks at coffee shops, hotels, airports and other locations are often not secure. Your connection could be snooped on by attackers nearby. Avoid logging into sensitive accounts or transactions. If you need to use public Wi-Fi, connect via VPN or use your phone's cellular data instead. Never enable sharing or discoverable modes on devices when on public networks.
8. Practice Safe Browsing Habits
Be cautious when downloading files and programs. Only download from trusted sources. Don't click questionable links, popups or ads. These could link to phishing sites or download malware. Disable autoplay and flash on browsers as additional precautions. Use an ad blocker to avoid malicious ads.
9. Learn To Spot Social Engineering
Attacks like phishing often rely on social engineering tricks and psychological manipulation. Learn to identify telltale signs like a false sense of urgency or excessively formal language. Verify any unusual requests by contacting the company directly. Understand common social engineering tactics like baiting, pretexting and quid pro quo.
10. Keep Software Firewalls Active
Firewalls built into Windows, MacOS and iOS/Android provide an additional layer of defense. Keep these turned on and properly configured. On Windows, use Windows Firewall. On Macs, enable the native macOS firewall. On iOS, ensure "Enable Firewall" is turned on. On Androids, check your Android security settings.